Ancestral Halls, Clan Shrines, Guild Halls and Examination Inns in Changting City
发表日期：2018年10月22日 共浏览521 次
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Ancestral Halls, Clan Shrines, Guild Halls and Examination Inns in Changting City
Nestled among rolling mountains, Changting boasts luxuriant forests of bamboo and timber, abundant water supplies and fertile farmland. From the Tang to the Song Dynasty, the region enjoyed peace and prosperity, emerging as a haven on the border of Fujian and Jiangxi. Consequently, numerous refugees fleeing turmoil in the Central Plains and northern China migrated southward into Fujian, with most settling in Tingzhou. Between the Tang-Song period and the Ming-Qing dynasties, migrants of 146 surnames moved into Tingzhou, and the majority made Changting their home.
Historical records show that Changting is dotted with Hakka ancestral halls in every township. Among them, Hetian Ancient Ancestral Hall Street has been best preserved for hundreds of years, where nearly 26 ancestral halls still survive today. Since the Song Dynasty, Tingzhou City had a dense population. Two rivers flow through the city, crisscrossed by streets lined with closely packed residences. As early as the Song Dynasty, it already flourished with tens of thousands of households lit up at night.
The abundance of ancestral halls stands as solid proof of Changting’s prosperity and its status as the capital of the Hakka homeland.
Tangwanli: Zheng Clan Hall, Huang Clan Hall, Jiang Clan Hall, Fu Clan Hall, Zeng Clan Hall, Li Clan Hall
Jianshe Street (South Gate of the Ancient Town): You Clan Hall, Xu Clan Hall
Wutong Street: Que Clan Hall, Wang Clan Ancestral Hall, Duan Clan Hall, Lin Clan Hall, Tang Clan Ancestral Shrine
Behind Wutong Temple: Li Clan Ancestral Hall, Ma Clan Hall
Central Lane: Luo Clan Hall, Chen Clan Hall
Middle Street: Lai Clan Public Shrine, Wu Clan Public Shrine, Hu Clan Hall, Kong Clan Hall (Small Drill Ground), Lü Clan Hall, Liao Clan Hall, Chen Clan Hall
Under Dengke Archway: Cai Clan Hall, Deng Clan Hall
From Shexiajiao to Shuimen Lane: Lin Clan Hall, Yu Clan Hall, Fan Clan Hall, Wang Clan Hall
Qingyun Lane: Feng Clan Hall, Duan Clan Hall
Zhaozheng Road: Wang Clan Hall, Huang Clan Hall, Guishan Public Shrine, Xiang Clan Hall (inside the lane)
Henggang Ridge: Zhang Clan Hall, Zongsheng Temple (Zeng Clan Ancestral Hall), Dai Clan Hall
East Street and Back Street behind East Gate: Huang Clan Hall, Que Clan Hall
In front of Wangya: Liu Clan Ancestral Temple, Shangguan Clan Ancestral Hall (Former Residence of Shangguan Zhou)
Laodong Lane: Tu Clan Hall
County Front Street: Guo Clan Hall
By Xiaowu Pond: Xiao Clan Hall, Gong Clan Hall
Xigaoping: Zhong Clan Hall, Lian Clan Hall
Shuidong Street: Zhang Clan Hall, Fan Clan Hall
Jiujiaoping: Tong Clan Hall
Beside Zhongshan Park: Shi Clan Hall
Four Lanes in Yingbei: Zhang Clan Hall
West Outer Street: Deng Clan Hall
Fubei Lane: Zhang Clan Hall
There are also other clan halls including Cai, Qiu, He, Zhu, Liang, Xie, Cao, Fu, Shen, Bao, Zeng, Kang, Jiang, Duan, and Yu Clan Halls (the exact location of Xiu Clan Hall remains unknown).
Public memorial shrines for notable figures:
Lord Wang Wencheng Memorial Shrine; Lord Da Memorial Shrine (under Sanyuan Pavilion); Lord Ding Memorial Shrine (County Front Street); Lord Li Memorial Shrine (Banpian Street); Lord Lu Memorial Shrine (Pili Rock); Lord Pan Memorial Shrine; Lord Zi Memorial Shrine (County Front); Lord Xiao Memorial Shrine (Longjiang Academy); Lord Fang Memorial Shrine (eastern suburbs, recorded by Li Guangdi); Lord Kou Memorial Shrine (Chaohui Tower outside East City Gate); Lord Jiang Memorial Shrine (Henggang Ridge); Lord Xie Memorial Shrine (next to City God Temple); Lord Xu Memorial Shrine (Shuidong Bridgehead); Lord Wang Memorial Shrine (Lize Academy and Henggang Ridge); Lord Che Memorial Shrine (Laicui Hall on Wushi Mountain); Lord Zhao Memorial Shrine (Luohan Ridge); Lord Yang Memorial Shrine (East Drill Ground); Lord Zhang Memorial Shrine (Guangling Academy on Huangwu House); Lord Shen Memorial Shrine (Guowen Academy in eastern suburbs); Lord Zhu Memorial Shrine (eastern suburbs); Lord Wen Memorial Shrine (eastern suburbs); Lord Pan Memorial Shrine (beside Cangyu Cave); Lord Jin Memorial Shrine (East Drill Ground); Lord Chen Memorial Shrine (Baozhu Peak); another Lord Wang Memorial Shrine (Lize Academy on Henggang Ridge).
Both family shrines and public memorial halls mostly adopt the layout of single-story halls built with brick and wood. Centered on the main hall, the compound features symmetrical side wings, with courtyards on all sides. A spirit niche is always set on the main rear wall of the upper hall to enshrine ancestral spirit tablets.
Guild halls and examination inns were built to accommodate travelling merchants, clansmen gathering in Tingzhou, and scholars sitting the imperial examinations.
List of guild halls and inns:
Guangdong Guild Hall (Wutong Street)
Jiangxi Guild Hall (Wanshoufu near the Old Ancient Well)
Chaozhou Guild Hall (Banpian Street)
Nanlin Guild Hall (also known as New Palace of Eternal Longevity, Henggang Ridge)
Longyan Guild Hall (Shuidong Street)
Ji'an Guild Hall (Jimao Cave)
Yongding Public Institute (Henggang Ridge)
Hang-Wu-Yong Guild Hall (Banpian Street)
Liancheng Guild Hall (behind Guandian)
Liancheng Examination Inn (Xigaoping)
Wuping Examination Inn (in front of Lingying Temple)
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