Ancient and Modern Yellow River Ferries in Yuanyang County
发表日期：2018年10月21日 共浏览716 次
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Ancient and Modern Yellow River Ferries in Yuanyang County
Yuanyang County lies on the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since ancient times, the Yellow River has run as a suspended river here. Over 863 years, from the 3rd year of the Kaiyun reign of the Later Jin Dynasty in the Five Dynasties (946 AD) to the 14th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty (1809 AD), the river burst its banks and flooded local lands a total of 63 times within Yuanyang’s territory, shifting its course four times. The Yellow River migrated from the northern part of the county to the south. Unleashed floodwaters raged like untamed wild beasts, surging recklessly and wreaking catastrophic havoc on the people of Yuanyang.
As the Yellow River shifted its course from north to south across the county, its ferries moved with it. In antiquity, major Yellow River ferries within Yuanyang’s borders included Juanjin, Majia Ferry, Yanshikou, Matou, Xiamatou and Xinkou.
Juanjin deserves special mention as an ancient Yellow River ferry, named after the ancient Juan territory where it stood, located north of Cigudi Village in present-day Shizhai Town. For more than 2,000 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Yuan Dynasty, Juanjin served as a vital thoroughfare linking the north and south banks.
In the 10th year of King Ding of Zhou (597 BC), during the Battle of Bi between the State of Jin and the State of Chu, the Jin army suffered a crushing defeat and scrambled across the river to flee. Records note “Soldiers of the central and lower armies fought over boats; severed fingers scooped up from the hulls”, an event that unfolded right here.
In the 13th year of the Daye reign of the Sui Dynasty (617 AD), Li Mi dispatched Xu Shiji to cross the Yellow River from this ferry and seize the Liyang Granary.
Present-Day Ferries
East Liuzhuang Ferry
Situated on the Yellow River bank of East Liuzhuang Village, directly south of Baochang Village, 13 kilometers southeast of the county seat. Its opposite bank hosts Sanliuzhai Village of Zhongmu County.
Xiaozhuang Ferry
Lies south of Xiaozhuang Village, Guanchang Township, due south of the county seat. A stone stele inscribed with “Site of the Guandu Battle” stands at the ferry landing, inscribed by Liu Zongxun, former Chairman of the Yuanyang County Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). The far bank belongs to Zhongmu County.
Zhang Liang Ferry
Located southeast of Zhouwu Village, Jiangzhuang Township, 22 kilometers southwest of the county seat. The ferry bears its name in memory of Zhang Liang’s ambush to assassinate the First Emperor of Qin at Bolangsha. The southern Yellow River levee stands on the opposite bank.
West Xinzhuang Ferry
Takes its name from West Xinzhuang Village, Jiangzhuang Township, 30 kilometers southwest of the county seat. Laitongzhai Village on the outskirts of Zhengzhou sits across the river.
East Wangwu Ferry
Formerly known as Ma Ferry. It stands south of Louwangwu Village, Jiangzhuang Township, 24 kilometers southwest of the county seat, and derives its current name as Louwangwu Village falls under the jurisdiction of the East Wangwu Village Committee. Facing it across the river is Madu Village on the outskirts of Zhengzhou, a ferry with a history spanning over a hundred years.
Heigangkou Ferry
Positioned between Dazhangzhuang Village of Doumen Township and Laoyazhang Village of Sunzhuang Township, Fengqiu County, 29 kilometers southeast of the county seat. It gets its name from Heigangkou Village on the opposite bank and is also called Dazhangzhuang Ferry. Nearby villages on the far bank include North-South Dike Village, Shuidao Township on the outskirts of Kaifeng. Dating back to the Qing Dynasty, this ancient ferry serves as a key river crossing connecting Yuanyang to Kaifeng.
Rencundi Ferry
South of Rencundi Village, Doumen Township, southeast of the county seat, with Zhongmu County on the opposite bank.
I believe the above list covers far from all ancient and modern Yellow River ferries in Yuanyang. Restricted by surviving historical records, I have compiled these entries only, hoping to provide reference materials for anyone dedicated to researching Yuanyang’s river ferries past and present.
Between summer and autumn this year, I was invited twice to visit Xiaozhuang Ferry for literary field trips. The Yellow River flowed gently and amiably at that time.
On my first trip, I cruised the river aboard a boat with friends including Jin Guoqiang and Xing Tixing, lawyers from Weilai Law Firm, Wang Shubin from the County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Mo Mei, Editor-in-Chief of Wenhai Titao Art Center.
On the second occasion, I toured the ferry alongside Yuan Zhangjun, President of Yuanyang Poetry Society, Lin Ruiqing, Chairman of Yuanyang History and Culture Research Association and Vice President of the Poetry Society, as well as Li Weizhong and Yang Anding, both Vice Presidents of the Poetry Society.
Willows swayed gracefully along the shore, with lush grass and singing birds filling the air. Over the river stretched clear skies and bright sunshine, while river gulls glided elegantly above the waves. In this prosperous, peaceful age, the scenery stirred boundless reveries, soothing the heart and carrying thoughts across thousands of years past and present.
When I laid eyes on the powerful calligraphy carved on the stone stele — “Site of the Guandu Battle”, written by Liu Zongxun, former CPPCC Chairman and honorary advisor of Yuanyang Poetry Society — I instantly recalled my nostalgic ci poem Riverside Immortal · Ode to Guandu Ruins:
All wars and mortal strife have long faded away;
I wander, yet no old dock remains to see.
Cloudlight and river water flow endlessly.
I trace ancient relics through a thousand years,
Sailing light boats beneath this age of peace.
This was the battlefield where Yuan Shao and Cao Cao clashed,
Now no mounds of earthen ramparts can be found.
Local villagers still recount the old romance.
The stele preserves folk tales untold in official histories,
While townsfolk chatter of the ages gone by.
That afternoon of July 26, under brilliant summer sunshine, my companions and I accepted the invitation to drive to the Yellow River floodplain at Xiaozhuang for sightseeing and literary inspiration, enjoying a joyful excursion together. That night we gathered at a rural farmhouse, drinking until we were thoroughly intoxicated. I thus composed another ci poem to record the journey, titled Millennium Tune · Roaming the Yellow River at Xiaozhuang with Friends:
Cross the Yellow River in bright summer heat,
This riverside scenery is unrivaled and sweet.
I bring friends to recite verses, hearts full of warm delight,
Boundless affection surging in our sight.
Vast green meadows blur the distant eye;
Soft breezes stir willow strands, waves stretch wide to the sky.
From the cruise boat I ponder ages gone,
Who still remembers the Guandu battle dawn?
Time’s fleeting glow can never be reclaimed;
Only white hair marks years unclaimed.
Let us drink deep today, sprawl on Xiaozhuang’s ground,
Cast aside all worldly troubles, countless and unbound.
As we sailed and drifted between the two river banks, the sprawling farmlands of Yuanyang and Zhongmu unfolded before our eyes, presenting a flourishing, tranquil rural scene. My heart surged with emotion, churning like the endless eastward current of the Yellow River beside me, filled with countless reflections.
For thousands of years, the roaring Yellow River once struck terror into every Yuanyang resident’s heart. Only after the liberation did the people’s government under the Communist Party truly harness the Yellow River’s devastating floods, transforming a destructive force into a resource that benefits all people, bringing forth this expanse of fertile, thriving farmland. My poetic passion welled forth just like the river’s current:
The Yellow River rushes day and night,
Its endless flow endures through all time.
Only the Communist Party holds the might,
To banish poverty and sorrow’s blight.
A river of ruin turned to a river of gain,
Serving the folk, their welfare to attain.
Standing here, I view rise and fall of dynasties,
A thousand years captured within one glance’s eyes
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