In the traditional craftsmanship of Nyemo Tibetan incense, the grinding of raw materials features distinctive techniques. Along the Tunba River in Tunda Village stand 260 water mills. Locals divert water from the river to turn the water wheels, which drive wooden pestles connected to crankshafts. The pestles pound cedar wood into mud bricks. This gives the facilities their name — water mills.

These mills grind the base ingredients for Nyemo sacred incense. After mixing in various spices and Tibetan medicinal herbs, the blended paste is extruded through hollow ox horns into tawny thin strips. Once air-dried, the strips become finished Tibetan incense.

Rows of water mills line the banks of the Tunba River, forming a delightful scenic view.