The Greater Khingan Range features a distinctive boreal temperate continental monsoon coniferous forest climate. It is humid with precipitation in both summer and winter, and experiences sharp temperature swings. Summers have long days and short nights, especially around the Summer Solstice, when auroras may occasionally appear. Winters bring short days and lengthy nights accompanied by extreme frigid spells.

The annual average temperature stands at -4°C in Mohe County and northern Huzhong District, and -2°C across other parts of the region. The average annual frost-free period lasts 80 to 110 days. The record low temperature of -52.3°C was recorded on February 13, 1969, while the record high of 36.8°C occurred on June 28, 1980. Average annual rainfall totals 460 millimeters, concentrated between July and September in the third quarter.

In winter, the region is dominated by the Mongolian cold high-pressure system, with prevailing cold, dry northwest winds originating from high latitudes; winter precipitation accounts for merely 10% of the annual total. In summer, the Pacific high-pressure system takes control, bringing moist and mild southeast monsoon winds.

The optimal travel window for the Greater Khingan Range falls between June and August every year.

The Greater Khingan Range has long winters and brief summers with drastic temperature differences between day and night, and most areas sit at altitudes of 300 to 700 meters. Winter stretches for seven months, whereas summer lasts only two months annually. However, summer boasts extremely long sunshine hours of up to 17 hours. The mountainous area stays cool with occasional heavy rainstorms, making it the prime season for tourism.