History of Tianjin
发表日期：2016年1月12日 共浏览486 次
【编辑录入：中华旅游网】
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The land where Tianjin lies today was created in historical times by sedimentation of various rivers entering the sea at Bohai Gulf (渤海湾), including the Yellow River, which entered the sea in this area at one point.
The opening of the Grand Canal of China during the Sui Dynasty prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center.
Tianjin was promoted to a prefecture in 1725. Tianjin County was established under the prefecture in 1731.
In 1860, Tianjin was turned to a trade port after Qing Dynasty failed in the Second Opium War between Qing and Britain-France Alliance. Between 1895 and 1900, Britain and France were joined by Japan, Germany and Russia, and even by countries without other Chinese concessions such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. These nations left many architectural reminders of their rule, notably churches and thousands of villas. Today those villas provide an exotic flavor to Tianjin.
In July 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance attacked and occupied Tianjin. They soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, composed of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russian, British, Japanese, German, French, American, Austro-Hungarian, and Italian). Tianjin was governed by this council until August 15, 1902 when the city was returned to Qing control. Eminent Qing General Yuan Shikai headed efforts to remake Tianjin into a modern city, establishing the first modern Chinese police force here. In 1907, Yuan supervised China's first modern democratic elections for a county council.
Tianjin was established as a municipality of China in 1927.
On July 30, 1937, Tianjin fell to Japan, as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese occupation lasted until August 15, 1945, the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China Tianjin was turned into a municipality directly under the central authorities.
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