Yanmenguan Pass of Great Wall is located in the Gouzhu Mountain ranges, within the Hengshan Mountain range, 12 miles to the north of Dai County, in Shanxi Province. Along with Ningwuguan Pass and Pianguan Pass, Yanmenguan Pass is one of three important passes through the inner line of the Great Wall in the Shanxi section. It is also known by other names, namely Yanmensai and Xilongguan. Located at a place of strategic importance and difficult to get through, it was regarded as the principal one of the nine passes under heaven in ancient times. Many famous historical battles have been fought in the area.
Yan means 'wild goose' in English, and was so-named because wild geese are seen flying around the pass every year. Early in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), King Wuling of Zhao established Yanmen County in this region. The Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) built a pass called Xiting Pass by Yanmen Mountain, west of the present location. In the year 1374 during the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644), the pass was rebuilt and moved to today's location.
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